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13th century
Nizhny Novgorod was founded at the confluence of two great Russian rivers, Volga and Oka,
by Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich in 1221 as a strong standpoint of defending the Russian frontiers
from Mordvinians, Cheremisians, and Tatars.
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14th century
The location of the town determined its future. After Mongol-Tatar yoke Nizhny Novgorod was
constantly mentioned in Russian chronicles. It became a strong political and economical centre
of North-Eastern Russia remaining at the same time a spiritual pillar of Orthodoxy in Volga region.
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16th century
Since the end of the 15th century Nizhny Novgorod was an unfailing stronghold of Moscow in fighting for the Great River Way.
At this time a new stone walled Kremlin was erected in the town. It was later recognized as an outstanding construction
of the Russian fortification art.
17th century
In 1612 from the walls of Kremlin the volunteer corps leading by Kozma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky
took the field to fight the Polish-Lithuanian invaders. The citizens of Nizhny Novgorod supported the appeal with a single heart.
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